Below are a links to various studies biological and chemistry, where dodecyl maltoside or other maltoside detergents were used:
- A 1999 study published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry shows NhaA Antiporter activity in E. Coli is the result of a conformational change dependent on pH. Specifically involves Lys-249 residue and NhaA Antiporter transmembrane segments VIII and IX.
- A paper published in 1986 in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, discusses the differences in alkyl chain structures of various maltoside detergents and their effect on dialysis kinetics and liposome formation.
- Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1994 a study (fluorescence spectroscopy) on light-dependent activation of the Rhodopsin protein and its decay. The activity of this protein was studied in a 0.1% dodecyl maltoside solution. What was the pH of the solution? 6.0.
- Insight into the physical chemistry and physics of foam films formed by detergents. The study is based in the DLVO theory and provides evidence that demonstrates the existence of electrical charges at the at the interface of water-surfactant and goes further to quantify the charge density. This study was published in the journal of Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2002).
- High Resolution Structure of Cytochrome C. This study shows specific amino acid residues where lipids and detergents bind. The results have been proven to be reproducible. The detergents used in this study are maltosides. The study was performed by the California Institute of Technology in 2006.
- A transmembrane study involving replacement mutations of highly conserved residues in bovine rhodospin. The study then studies the activity of these mutated protein was and compared to the wild-type. The amino acids involved are phenylalanine, alanine and gylcine. The study was published in 1996 and was conducted by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Find the abstract here.
Find physical and chemical proprieties of dodecyl maltoside
Tuesday, November 26, 2013
Tuesday, November 19, 2013
CMC
The Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of Dodecyl Maltoside:
- In H20 is 0.17 mM (0.009%).
- In 0.2M NaCl decreases to 0.12mM (0.006%).
If you need further information on how either of the two concentrations listed above were obtained, you can find the studies here. For Water and for the Sodium Chloride Solution you should search, Professor R. M. Garavito our visit his page at Michigan State University. You may need to contact Dr. Garavito to learn more about his studies.
Importance of CMC of Dodecyl Maltoside and other Detergents?
CMC or Critical Micelle Concentration is a quantitative measure used to define the behavior of a surfactant (protein detergents) in solution and varies for each detergent. It provides information on the concentration required for the formation of micelles.
Of course depending on exactly what is being studied, knowing this information for a specific detergent can be useful to chemists, protein biologists and physicists alike. It gives insight into the behavior of the detergent and serves as a quantitative measure helping the the scientist choose the most appropriate detergent to include in their study and also helps in setting up the protocol in their future experiments.
Detergents interact with proteins and/or the cell membrane in the form of self-assembled aggregates defined as micelles. The CMC is the concentration of the specific detergent (surfactant) required for the formation of micelles, typically measured in a water or salt solution.
Micellization or the formation of Micelles.
Important to understand - the range of micelle formation is tight.
The CMC of dodecyl maltoside in water is 0.17 mM at this point micelles will form but once this it becomes greater than 0.17 what occurs. Explained in the following summary:
At low concentrations (below CMC) detergents exist as monomers in solution. As more detergent is added and the concentration reaches the CMC, micelles form.
If more detergent is added above 0.17 mM for dodecyl maltoside then monomers will again begin to exist. These monomers will exist at the concentration equal to CMC and micelles will exist at total detergent concentration - CMC.
Other important factors to take into consideration:
CMC or Critical Micelle Concentration is a quantitative measure used to define the behavior of a surfactant (protein detergents) in solution and varies for each detergent. It provides information on the concentration required for the formation of micelles.
Of course depending on exactly what is being studied, knowing this information for a specific detergent can be useful to chemists, protein biologists and physicists alike. It gives insight into the behavior of the detergent and serves as a quantitative measure helping the the scientist choose the most appropriate detergent to include in their study and also helps in setting up the protocol in their future experiments.
Detergents interact with proteins and/or the cell membrane in the form of self-assembled aggregates defined as micelles. The CMC is the concentration of the specific detergent (surfactant) required for the formation of micelles, typically measured in a water or salt solution.
Micellization or the formation of Micelles.
Important to understand - the range of micelle formation is tight.
The CMC of dodecyl maltoside in water is 0.17 mM at this point micelles will form but once this it becomes greater than 0.17 what occurs. Explained in the following summary:
At low concentrations (below CMC) detergents exist as monomers in solution. As more detergent is added and the concentration reaches the CMC, micelles form.
If more detergent is added above 0.17 mM for dodecyl maltoside then monomers will again begin to exist. These monomers will exist at the concentration equal to CMC and micelles will exist at total detergent concentration - CMC.
Other important factors to take into consideration:
- Effects of Hyodrophilic groups
- Effects of Hydrophobic groups
- Effects of Electrolytes
If you would like to learn more about dodecyl maltoside start at our homepage
Tuesday, November 12, 2013
Dodecyl Maltoside
What is dodecyl maltoside and what is it used for?
This maltoside was first synthesized in 1980 by professor at Michigan State University (MSU), Shelagh M. Ferguson-Miller. In 1980 she was working on purifying Cytochrome C Oxidase.
If you would like to visit her webpage at the university to read up on her past and present work you can visit here.
Dodecyl Maltoside goes by a few different names:
- This is a complex organic molecule comprised of a hydrophilic sugar (maltoside) head group and a hydrophobic carbon tail (10 carbons in length). The most common categorization and use of the molecule is as a protein detergent.
- This maltoside has been used for over three decades and has proven to be an extremely important tool used in protein studies.
- The combined properties of the head and tail groups allow this maltoside the to mimic the phospholipids that comprise the cell membrane.
- These properties are both vital and necessary property for membrane protein solubilization, purification and stabilization.
- Solubilization and extraction of membrane proteins through displacement of the lipids of the cell membrane.
- Replace the physiological "stabilizing" interacts membrane lipids provide to hydrophobic regions of membrane proteins.
- The replacement of membrane lipid-protein interactions by dodecyl maltoside has shown to stabilize membrane proteins in their active conformation.
- This allows scientists to study the activity of membrane proteins
This maltoside was first synthesized in 1980 by professor at Michigan State University (MSU), Shelagh M. Ferguson-Miller. In 1980 she was working on purifying Cytochrome C Oxidase.
If you would like to visit her webpage at the university to read up on her past and present work you can visit here.
Dodecyl Maltoside goes by a few different names:
- Chemical Name: n-Dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside.
- DDM
- D310
- Lauryl Maltoside
Due to its high level of success in protein stabilization experiments chemist began to experiment on lengthening and shortening its alkyl chain length and later by changing the hydrophilic sugar head group. There these experiments another very important protein detergent was synthesized, decyl maltoside.
The purpose of this blog is to give specific information on the chemical properties of dodecyl maltoside as well as the many other maltosides and protein detergents and studies in general.
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